Scarlet Letter Essay Essays - Film, Cinema Of The United States

Scarlet Letter Essay Alienation Among Many Through out Nathaniel Hawthone's The Scarlet Letter, the main characters suffer psychological damage as a result of different forms of alienation. The character traits they posses make them more susceptible to certain types of alienation. Since Dimmesdale cannot reveal his secret to anyone, he can not share his pain. All the pent up guilt he has stored with in eats away at him, slowly deteriorating his body and soul. Dimmesdale's masochistic and pious attributes greatly contribute to the extent of his alienation. For the reverend it was ?essential to his peace to feel the pressure of a faith about him.? This need for punishment coupled with religious devotion gives reason for Dimmesdale's secrecy. Hiding his intimate self from other people bestows Dimmesdale the punishment he so desperately seeks. His mental breakdown stemming from his social alienation is most clearly shown in the chapter the ?The Minister's Vigil?. His self-torture leads him to walk ?under the influence of a species of somnambulism?, thinking irrationally in a way not like himself. His pent up agony causes Dimmesdale to act out in ways like this that could reveal his secret. Dimmesdale's psychological agony partly stems from a form of spiritual alienation. As a minister, he has a close relationship with God and has a strong sense of spirituality. Due to his sin, his relationship with God suffers in the way that his sin separates him from the teachings of Jesus. Without the virtue and purity he once held, Dimmesdale views himself unworthy in the eyes of God. While lying on the forest floor, Dimmesdale utters ?The judgment of God is on me, he is too mighty for me to struggle with!? To close this gap of isolation between God and himself, Dimmesdale commits acts of penance to relieve his sin. His acceptance of Chillingworth's torture and his use of the ?bloody scourge? both show his alienation. Dimmesdales faith and his position as a minister lead him to feel more guilt than a non-Christian. This religious choice makes Dimmesdale more susceptible to spiritual alienation. Hester's Main form of alienation is most obvious in her scarlet letter. This token of her sin separates her from the rest of society by marking her as an outcast, forced to live in isolation in a cottage outside of town. The scarlet letter acts as a symbol of the main character trait that alienates Hester, her individualism. Her individualistic nature separates her from the restrictive and methodical community in which she lives. This alienation allows her to take an outside view on society and see it's faults. Hester reject the values and standards of puritan society and yearn to ?cast away the fragments of a broken chain.? Her alienation from the group is also due to her beauty. Other women are extremely jealous of her and wish the punishment of death for the sin she committed. The nature of Hester leads to her alienation such that others deem her expendable. Hester's self-alienation is perhaps most damaging to her psyche. Through her environment, she is forced to be untrue to her nature. Her passionate nature is suppressed and gives way to the conformity of society. Hester, ?lost in the labyrinth of mind?, is so detached from herself that she feel that she is not the same person. She is not only alienated from other people but she can not even turn to herself for support. This self-alienation is most damaging to her because she is going through the stage in her life of finding out who she is and the scarlet letter interrupts this. She is not only forced to stop her development, but take on a whole new path in life. Through his actions, Chillingworth is alienated from everyone including himself. Because of his intellectual nature, Chillingworth is able to distance himself from others to systematically destroy Dimmesdale. He has become a different person as a result for his intent on revenge. The narrator acknowledges this change by saying ?A mortal man, with once a human heart, has become a fiend for his especial torment.? Chillingworth knows what he is doing is wrong but he is so far gone, he cannot return to what he once was. He

Lady Macbeth In The Tragedy Of Macbeth; The Iron Butterfly Essays

Lady Macbeth In The Tragedy Of Macbeth; The Iron Butterfly Essays Lady Macbeth in The Tragedy of Macbeth; the "Iron Butterfly" In William Shakespeare's, The Tragedy of Macbeth, Lady Macbeth is the dominator of the play. Lady Macbeth's character is not as eclectic as her husband's but it is just as dramatic. Lady Macbeth has a rich and fascinating combination of qualities. She is not a monster without feeling; her husband adores her, for example, "Be innocent of the knowledge, dearest chuck," (III, ii, 45). Macbeth also refers to Lady Macbeth as his dear partner. Lady Macbeth is horrified by blood and during her sleepwalking soliloquy she refers to her little hand suggesting a delicate nature and stature by uttering this: "All the perfumes / of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand." (V, i, 43-44). All of this, however, does very little to soften her true nature. She is sly and artful as she urges Macbeth to kill Duncan and she is particularly treacherous when she continually urges him to shake off his torments. For example, in this scene from the play, Shakespeare gives the reader an idea of the twist that he gives her personality and how ruthless she can be: I have given suck, and know How tender 'tis to love the babe that milks me: I would, while it was smiling in my face, Have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums, And dashed the brains out, had I so sworn as you Have done to this. (I, vii, 54-59). In the next examples you can see how she persuades Macbeth to ignore his torments of his guilt of the murder: "These deeds must not be thought / After these ways; so, it will make us mad. " (II, ii, 33-34), and "Why, worthy thane, / You do unbend your noble strength, to think / So brainsickly of things?" (II, ii, 43-45). Seemingly, she suffers no pangs of conscience. It is easy for her to be "bright" and "merry" and it seems second nature for her to play at being the most gracious of hostesses. Duncan is completely deceived by her "thoughtfulness." Also, take in consideration that in the midst of her chaotic dinner party, she retains her composure and saves her husband from added embarrassment. In today's vernacular, she might accurately be characterized as being an "iron butterfly"-delicate but invincible. She is impatient and absolute when her husband cannot carry out the details of their assassination plot. Although it is Macbeth who commits the actual deed of murder, it is Lady Macbeth who returns to Duncan's chamber and smears the blood upon the grooms. Her self-control is superhuman; in fact, Macbeth is terrified of it and her unfailing resourcefulness. In this example, Shakespeare demonstrates how much self control she has over the evil deed: "A little water clears us of this deed: / How easy it is then!" (II, ii, 66-67). In fact, Lady Macbeth tried to murder Duncan herself, but he appeared to look like her father while he was sleeping so she could not. Selfishly, she fastens her husband's attention on the throne of Scotland. It is she who sees to the details of the crime: "Only look up clear. / To alter favor ever is to fear. / Leave all the rest to me." (I, vi, 69-71). It is she who is more concerned that Macbeth has failed to kill Duncan, when he reconsiders the murder, than the possibility that their plans have been exposed. It is she, rather than Macbeth, who says, Go get some water, And wash this filthy witness from your hand. Why did you bring these daggers from the place? They must lie there: go carry them, and smear The sleepy grooms with blood. (II, ii, 45-49). She immediately perceives that the blood and the daggers are incriminating and admonishes Macbeth for being so foolish. Throughout the play, her courage and her practicality work together successfully. It is only in private that Lady Macbeth shows her weariness. Almost naively, she urges Macbeth to sleep and, here, her faith in sleep is deeply ironical. It is only after she has suffered a mental breakdown, that you realize how deeply her crimes have haunted her. This is an quotation from the play from the

Compare and contrast Grand Odalisque and Velazquez's Princess Essay

Compare and contrast Grand Odalisque and Velazquez's Princess - Essay Example The painting also represents an eclectic mix of styles that combine classical form with Romantic themes, which is a contrast to contemporary style and content. â€Å"Las Meninas† (1656) represents a masterpiece of Spanish painting by Diego Velazquez, and one of the most prominent paintings. The painting also doubles up as one of the most controversial and imitated painting in history. The painting depicts a scene from daily life within the palace of Felipe IV in which the Princess is at the centre in the company of her ladies-in-waiting (â€Å"Meninas†). Naturalism of the painting with its impact of spontaneity and relative informality should be understood within the context of Velazquez’s identity as a court painter and a member of the court of Philip IV (Mitchell 58). The painting demonstrates Velazquez skill in the utilization of â€Å"claroscuro† in which the point of light lights up the characters and establishes an order within the composition. I am drawn to these art works owing to the praise and criticism that they draw. Grande Odalisque, for instance, remains one of the Ingres’ most popular nudes given that the anatomical distortions of the odalisque persist to fascinate art fans. The paper compares and contrasts two masterpiece paintings belonging at diverse artistic periods and detailing distinct characteristics of artists’ distinct styles, namely: Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres and Diego Velazquez. Grande Odalisque/Une Odalisque Stylistic Characteristics: Grand Odalisque The painting contains a clear outline and linear style highly typical of the Neoclassic movement; hence, the female figure within the painting is accentuated by light and possess a distinct contour highlighted by the setting of the darker movement. This renders the painting to be highly sensual, realist, and romanticized. Use of space: The body of the nude occupies the entire frame of the canvas in which her head, elbow, and buttock are only few inches away from the edge of the canvas, and her toes extend beyond the bounds of the edge. Techniques: One of the techniques that Ingres employs features his anatomical distortion as seen in the female nude. In Grand Odalisque Ingres drew extended sinuous lines to lengthen her back and pelvis area. Critics claim that the lack of anatomical realism makes her body appears boneless. Use of color: Ingres use of color is carefully planned, whereby he differentiates the warm tones vis a vis the cool colored silk. Lighting: The foreground of painting remains completely unlit heralding focus to the long and affective body of the odalisque. It appears that major spotlight awarded to her body, especially lighting and drawing attention to the areas that he elongates (her arm, back, and pelvis area). Tone: The Grand Odalisque is sensual and erotic, whereby the odalisque is offering herself to the sultan, but offers just a small preview of her body. Brushstroke: Ingres employs tight brushwo rk to attain his near photographic realism. Ingres incorporates the likeness of the texture of the model’s skin, the velvet, and the silk. Cultural Context: Grand Odalisque In the artwork, Ingres has generated a fresh aloof eroticism emphasized by its exotic context. The painting reflects sensual fascination with the orient and portrays his attraction for foreign eroticism. Some art historians cite the elongation of the Odalisque’

Implementing non-discriminatory service related to loss and Essay

Implementing non-discriminatory service related to loss and bereavement - Essay Example This paper intends to implement change in the bereavement process through instilling a counsellor in the ward. My clinical area ensures that services and resources are availed through education, health, voluntary sectors, and social care where each of the sectors comes to fore through different times of the bereavement process making work across providers significant to identify provision overlaps and gaps. The voluntary sector role is substantial in developing bereavement organisations across nations. The contribution is crucial because it provides support at points where contact to statutory services and relations to the deceased are over. Bereavement services of support are available through various voluntary agencies, mostly tailored to address bereavement impacts that result from various forms of deaths including road traffic accidents, neonatal and stillbirth deaths, suicide and murder (Humphrey, 2009). The sole Bereavement Services purpose is provision of services and facilities addressing the human life loss (Grey, 2010). The proposed change is to place a bereavement counsellor in one section of the ward. Continuity is in several cases more important as compared to the provider’s professional background while outside of palliative care and hospice services have a variation in willingness of some staff members towards providing this. The relatives will have an acknowledgement that the respective general practitioners will facilitate relief during the period (Machin, 2009). There are difficulties regarding the costing of volunteers’ contribution. Even though unpaid, these personnel have costs above opportunity costs that are relatively difficult to estimate. In case volunteers perceive counselling as favoured activities, the most appropriate choice is that reflecting leisure time rate. In adults studies, the bereaved have a likelihood of retiring while all other efforts of using wage rates in attending bereavement

No topic need Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

No topic need - Essay Example Cost based pricing is a pricing form determined by the manufacturing and production cost of a commodity. The form of pricing is advantageous since an organization is assured of not gaining a loss of its products. However, the strategy may prefer a high price than the preference of the customer (Nagle & Holden 35). In Ford Company, cost based form of pricing is preferred due to the diverse range of products it produces. The organization sets its minimum and maximum price range depending on the particulars of the product. The pricing strategy has ensured the organization record its required profits on products. In addition, in regards to the experience of the organization in the market, consumers feel comfortable with the prices set of the products (Nagle & Holden 56). At the start of the production in the organization, Ford used penetration pricing. Penetration is where an organization quotes relatively low prices. The prices are then raised when the organization gains market share. The growth of the pricing range will be determined by factors influence the market (Nagle & Holden

Influence of Christianity on Literature

Influence of Christianity on Literature Introduction Christianity and Islam are daughter religions of Judaism. They were established as splinter groups from Judaism at different times in the history of the Jews. On its part, Judaism is a very old religion which traces its origin from the Old Testament times of Abraham and Moses. In fact, all of its doctrines revolve around the Mosaic Law. These are sets of rules/commandments which were given to Moses by God (Yahweh) in Mount Sinai. It happened at a time when he was called by God to go back to Egypt and deliver His people (the Israelites) from the yoke of oppression from the ruthless Pharaoh. This followed the enslavement of the Israelites that lasted for over 400 years until they were eventually delivered by Moses. Later, Judaism became the official religion amongst the Jews[1]. On the other hand, Christianity is a religion which is based on the teachings of Jesus Christ. As recorded in the Synoptic Gospels in the Holy Bible, Jesus was born of Virgin Mary and Joseph[2]. Despite growing in strict Jewish traditions, He later directly criticized the actions of the Pharisees, Scribes and Sadducees who had been imposing stringent laws on the people. Thus, He advocated for transition into a new order which later turned to be Christianity especially after His death. This came as a result of the efforts of the early apostles under the leadership of St. Peter. All these were done because of the teachings of Jesus Christ who had been appealing to His followers to accept to repent their sins and accept the good news[3]. The good news was about the promise of eternal life which would accrue to anyone who would accept Him as their personal savior. In other words, Christianity is a new religion which split from Judaism and is based on the teachings of Jesus Himself. This clearly demonstrates that it is a daughter religion of Judaism. After all, it also reveres the Old Testament as a holy book. To the Judaists, Old Testament is the most important holy book used in advancing their teachings and doctrines. Meanwhile, Islam is also another religion which is also believed to have split from Judaism. It was the last religion which traces its origin to Judaism. It was founded by Prophet Mohammed (Peace Be upon Him) who lived a lot of years after the death of Jesus Christ. Unlike the rest of the religions, Islam came into existence after the interactions of Prophet Mohamed (PBUH). Meaning, it borrowed a lot of doctrines from Judaism and Christianity which were already established at the time it was founded. According to Islamic historians, Prophet Mohamed (PBUH) was the last and most important prophet amongst the Muslims. To the Muslims, Quran is the only Holy Book which should be used in the worship of Allah (the only God to be worshipped). However, the Quran is often used along side the hadith which contains the speeches about Prophet Mohammed (PBUH). Why Christianity Dominates Literature As a matter of fact, Christianity, Islam and Judaism are some of the most prominent classical religions in the contemporary society[4]. According to the latest statistics, there are a total of 2.9 billion Christians in the world today. This is nearly a third of the world’s population. Meaning, it is the only religion with the highest number of followers globally. For Christianity to reach where it is today, it has actually had a very long history. This began at the time of Jesus who initially faced too much opposition from conservative Jewish sects such as the Pharisees. Because of their different world views, the Pharisees and the teachers of the law made it so hard to for Jesus to spread the gospel to His followers. Even after triumphantly defeating death, it was not easier for the early Church apostles to advance Jesus’ teachings and spread the good news to all the corners of the world as He had commanded them[5]. Thus, it means that Christianity has managed to dominate literary texts depicting its mother and sister religions due to the fact that it has had a lot of committed people who dedicated their life to serve humanity and make remarkable contributions to people’s lives. If it were not for their efforts, it might not be much easier for the authors, early church fathers, philosophers and theologians to write about. This might be attributed to the numerous extra-ordinary activities which they performed[6]. As already highlighted, amongst these people is Jesus Christ. It is a common knowledge to all Christians that Jesus is the most important figure in this religion. Had it not been for Him, Christianity would not have existed. This is because He managed to gather large multitudes and performed numerous miracles which many people, especially His critics could not believe. Therefore, because He had lots of stories to be written, several books have been published provide people with all these information. They are very important since they act as evidence for the great works that He did as He was battling the dominance of the Pharisees who had taken control of the Jewish community for a very long time. Unlike Jesus, these Pharisees were so conservative and had made life to be too challenging to the ordinary Jews who needed to be saved from such oppression. Right from His birth, Jesus Christ had a very complicated history. First, His birth had been prophesied by several prophets such as Jeremiah and Isaiah. God had planned that He would be born of a Virgin Mary (who still remained virgin even after His birth). Besides, His birth took place in the historical town of Bethlehem in a very unusual place[7]. Later, He made lots of contributions towards the development of Christianity. These include a series of sermons that He delivered in different laces which He traversed during His entire period of the ministry[8]. As a universal figure, He did not only concentrate in Israel, but even preached to the gentiles. This demonstrates that He had not only come for the Jews, but also for other people especially the sinners who needed to repent and accept to live according to the word of God. Therefore, these teachings are some of the most popular works which have been published by several scholars. In fact, the manner in which He exhaustively used the parables during His sermons made Him to be classified as the greatest and best teacher in the world. Everyone wanted to publish a book to record His works. A part from recoding the preaching of Jesus, many scholars have been interested in writing books about the miracles that He had performed. As already highlighted, Jesus Christ performed some of the greatest miracles in the history of man. Here, He cured the sick, fed the hungry and raised the dead. Each of these is of a great importance to His followers. They proved that He was actually concerned about the welfare of His followers especially the poor, malnourished and the less fortunate in the society. For instance, by curing the lepers and those possessed by demons, Jesus demonstrated that He could liberate individuals from their agonies. This was particularly seen when He cured those who had been sick and abandoned for several decades. Therefore, inmost of the writings, all these information is captured. This has been evidenced even in the literary works which discuss about Judaism, Christianity and Islam. A part from Jesus Christ, the other important figure amongst the Christians is Virgin Mary. Of course, Mother Mary is a revered figure amongst the Christians, Judaists and the Muslims. The stories of Mary have been extensively covered in several books[9]. This is because she is believed to be holding a very important position both in Christianity, Judaism and Islam. For the Judaists, Mary is the mother of Jesus. It is through her that the Jews got a messiah who had been promised to them since the time of Isaiah and Jeremiah. For a very long time, the Jewish society had been waiting for a messiah who was to come and save them from their oppressors. Thus, Mary plays a very integral role in Judaism. If it were not her, Jesus would not have been born. The same applies to the Muslims who also believe in Jesus. However, unlike Christians, they hold that Jesus was not God, but a prophet just like others like Mohamed, Isaiah and Obadiah. Therefore, Mary is also revered by them as she is accredited with the bearing of Jesus. On the other hand, Mary holds a central position in the church. To the Christians, it is Virgin Mary who gave birth to Jesus Christ, a messiah who had been promised to them by God. Therefore, by being the mother of Jesus, Mary is undoubtedly the mother of God. Thus, she is the mother of the church. For this reason, the information about Mother Mary has been disseminated by several writers. This is what has been evidenced in the stories such as The Tales of Count Lucanor and Miracles of Our Lady which are amongst the earliest books written to give accounts of some of the most memorable miracles performed by the Virgin Mary in the history of the Christian Church. In the Miracles of Our Lady, Gonzalo de Berceo gives a clear presentation about the miracles of Virgin Mary which she had performed to her followers. However, this is given from the perspective of Christianity. As it is recorded in the collections, Virgin Mary had used her powers as the mother of God to perform different types of miracles that she used to reward her faithful and obedient followers. At the same time, she performed some miracles in order to punish those who did not follow her ways, but opted to be subversive in their actions. Therefore, they had to be punished by Mary so as to act as examples and make them conduct themselves in line with Christian teachings. However, most of these teachings are highly held by the Christians. In Miracle Three: Cleric and the Flower, Virgin Mary performed a very extra-ordinary action which amazed everyone. It was an example of how she, as a Mother of the Church, could use her divine powers to perform miracles to demonstrate that it is a worthy thing for a person to live as per the word of God. In this miracle, there was a cleric who was a very righteous man of God. He always lived according to the teachings of the Bible. As a clergy, he was doing all the good things which are accepted by God. During that time, it was a tradition to accord Christians a decent burial. A person in his stature would be buried in a Christian cemetery which was specially designed to burry staunch followers like him. However, when he died, no one bothered to burry him as per the traditions. Instead, he was jealously buried in isolation. Based on his relationships with Mother Mary, she ordered that the man be buried in the designated Christian cemetery. Therefore, when he was to be exhumed, everyo ne was amazed to find out that the dead man was not rotten, but producing attractive and pleasant flowery smell. Hence, Mother Mary performed this miracle to reward the clergy for his dedicated services during his lifetime[10]. In miracle 16: The Little Jewish Boy, Mother Mary also performed a miracle which was classified as a reward for righteousness. In Bourges, there was a great division between the Jews and Christians. The members of the two religions were hostile to one another. In fact, this is similar to the situation that existed during the time of the early church in which the early church apostles were surprised by the Jews and Roman authorities. However, in this case, the little Jewish boy whose parents were strict Judaists got an opportunity to play with Christian and join them in a church service in which he saw, admired, liked and fell in love with the Mother Mary. Later, when he went back to his family and informed his father about it, he was infuriated. Therefore, he threw the boy into a raging fire. Surprisingly, the little boy was not harmed at all. When he came out, he attributed his escape to Mother Mary whom he had seen her image on the church wall. This miracle can also be used to just ify why Mother Mary is too popular amongst the Christians. Judaism, Christianity and Islam are related in many ways. A part from sharing similar history, they have a lot of common beliefs and doctrines. These include the belief in God and prominent historical figures such as Jesus and Mary[11]. Today, they still remain as the most popular classical religions in the society. However, Christianity still stands out very strongly. This is evidenced in the manner it dominates literary work in which all of these religions are included. This might be attributed to the fact that it has lots of significant people who constitute its long, turbulent and expansive history. For instance, in The Tales of Count Lucanor and Miracles of Our Lady, a lot of stories are presented about Virgin Mary who used her powers to perform lots of miracles to the Christian believers[12]. Even if Mary is accepted by all these religions, she holds a very important position in the Christian Church. In a publication like Miracles of Our Lady, it has to prominently feature about Christianity. It has to appeal most to the Christians because they are the ones who have placed Mother Mary in the highest status as compared to the Muslims and Judaists. To the Muslims, Jesus was not a central figure in the foundation of their religion. He was just a prophet like any other. Hence, it implies that Virgin Mary could be like an ordinary human being who gave birth to a prophet of Allah. Hence, she can not be more important than other mothers who gave birth to other prophets. Although slightly different, in Judaism, Virgin Mary was the mother of Jesus who came to liberate the Jews from their (political) oppression. He did not found their religion. However, this is much different from Christians who believe in Jesus as a messiah whose teachings should strictly complied with. Hence, Mother Mary becomes the mother of messiah who readily offered His life as a ransom to save humanity from their si ns. And because Jesus was God, Mother Mary obviously becomes the mother of God. Further more, since Jesus is embodied in the Church, Mother Mary too becomes the mother of the church[13]. This explains why she is still adored as the central focus of the church through whom the believers can receive blessings and salvation. She is more important to Christians than to any other religion. Bibliography Ackerman, Jane E., ‘The Theme of Mary’s Power in the Milagros de Nuestra Seà ±ora’, Journal of Hispanic Philology, 8 (1983-84), 17-31. Braudy, Leo, From Chivalry to Terrorism: War and the Changing Nature of Masculinity (New York: Vintage Books, 2005). Daas, Martha Mary, The Politics of Salvation: Gonzalo de Berceo’s Reinvention of the Marian Myth, Papers of the Medieval Hispanic Research Seminar 66 (London: Department of Iberian and Latin American Studies, Queen Mary, University of London, 2011). Duby, Georges, The Three Orders: Feudal Society Imagined (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980). Flory, Jean, ‘Chivalry’, in Encyclopaedia of the Middle Ages (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001). Kelley, Mary Jane, ‘Spinning Virgin Yarns: Narrative, Miracles, and Salvation in Gonzalo de Berceo’s Milagros de Nuestra Seà ±ora’, Hispania (USA), 74 (1991), 814-23. Keen, Maurice, Chivalry, Yale Nota Bene (New Haven: Yale Unive rsity Press, 2005). Rubin, Miri, Mother of God: A History of the Virgin Mary (London: Allen Lane, 2009). Seidenspinner-Nà ºÃƒ ±ez, Dayle, ‘On ‘â€Å"Dios y el mundo†: Author and Reader Response in Juan Ruiz and Juan Manuel’, Romance Philology, 42 (1988-89),  251-66. Warner, Marina, Alone of All Her Sex: The Myth and Cult of the Virgin Mary (London: Weidenfeld Nicholson, 1976). [1] Kelley, Mary Jane, ‘Spinning Virgin Yarns: Narrative, Miracles, and Salvation in Gonzalo de Berceo’s Milagros de Nuestra Seà ±ora’, Hispania (USA), 74 (1991), 814-23. [2] Ackerman, Jane E., ‘The Theme of Mary’s Power in the Milagros de Nuestra Seà ±ora’, Journal of Hispanic Philology, 8 (1983-84), 17-31. [3] Braudy, Leo, From Chivalry to Terrorism: War and the Changing Nature of Masculinity (New York: Vintage Books, 2005). [4] Keen, Maurice, Chivalry, Yale Nota Bene (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005). [5] Duby, Georges, The Three Orders: Feudal Society Imagined (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980). [6] Warner, Marina, Alone of All Her Sex: The Myth and Cult of the Virgin Mary (London: Weidenfeld Nicholson, 1976). [7] Keen, Maurice, Chivalry, Yale Nota Bene (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005). [8] Rubin, Miri, Mother of God: A History of the Virgin Mary (London: Allen Lane, 2009). [9] Seidenspinner-Nà ºÃƒ ±ez, Dayle, ‘On ‘â€Å"Dios y el mundo†: Author and Reader Response in Juan Ruiz and Juan Manuel’, Romance Philology, 42 (1988-89), 251-66. [10] Seidenspinner-Nà ºÃƒ ±ez, Dayle, ‘On ‘â€Å"Dios y el mundo†: Author and Reader Response in Juan Ruiz and Juan Manuel’, Romance Philology, 42 (1988-89), 251-66. [11] Seidenspinner-Nà ºÃƒ ±ez, Dayle, ‘On ‘â€Å"Dios y el mundo†: Author and Reader Response in Juan Ruiz and Juan Manuel’, Romance Philology, 42 (1988-89), 251-66. [12] Daas, Martha Mary, The Politics of Salvation: Gonzalo de Berceo’s Reinvention of the Marian Myth, Papers of the Medieval Hispanic Research Seminar 66 (London: Department of Iberian and Latin American Studies, Queen Mary, University of London, 2011). [13] Flory, Jean, and ‘Chivalry’, in Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001).

Effects of the Atomic Bomb :: World War II History

Effects of the Atomic Bomb The effects of the atomic bomb were terrible. There's no doubt in my mind that the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki were a costly mistake. Atomic bombs produce heat millions of degrees high, and visible ultraviolet and inferred rays.(Lapp 844) Everyone and everything exposed to their blast is affected. No one is left untouched, whether it be emotional or physical; in many cases both. However, many members of the science community argue that the atomic bomb was a great advance in technology, and see their effect on Hiroshima and Nagasaki as a scientific experiment. People from the defense department in government also see the bomb as great weapons in national defense. When reading my paper, you must decide for yourself the moral issues involved with using atomic bombs in warfare.The day after the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, it rained all day. The rain was pitch black, and very cold.(Pacific War Research Society (PWRS) 245) A huge cloud of dust covered the sun a nd made what was left of the city very dark. Realizing the bombs effect on climate, a group of scientists came up with the "Nuclear Winter Theory" in 1983.(Glasstone NPG) The theory states that if only one half the nuclear warheads in the United States were exploded, there would be enough smoke and dust in the atmosphere to block sunlight for several months destroying all plant life and creating a subfreezing climate until the dust dispersed.(Glasstone NPG) According to the "Nuclear Winter Theory," that would be the end of human civilization!(Glasstone NPG) Although the US Department of Defense acknowledges the validity of this theory they say that it won't affect it's defense policies on how many warheads are kept.(Glasstone NPG)Although atomic bombs can have a catastrophic effect on climate, we learned that their effect on buildings is almost as bad. With the bombings in World War 2, we saw their effect on historic landmarks, houses, and office buildings. When the bomb was dropped only one mile away from ground zero, the blast cracked walls over twelve inches thick.(Lapp 843) The shockwave after the bomb was felt over a mile away. Heat incinerated everything within a 500 yard radius of the hypocenter. In Hiroshima, the blast demolished all buildings except those that were earthquake resistant.(Lapp 843) Some buildings just "vanished" into air.(PWRS 243)However terrible the effect of atomic bombs on climate and buildings, what stands out most in our minds about atomic bombs is usually the people.

Nature of logic and perception

Introduction/Thesis StatementThis paper entitled â€Å"Nature of Logic and Perception† intends to carry out the following:First of all, to reintroduce the following psychological concepts or terminologies by explaining the nature of logic as it relates to critical thinking and how I personally understood it.  Second is to outline my own perceptual process.  Third is to describe the types of perceptual blocks that influence my views.  The fourth is to explain the critical thinking process and how it is altered by perception.Last but not least is to: recognize an instance in my life where my perception of the reality situation was far from the actual reality; to tell what I believe is actually occurring; to state what is really happening; to indicate the difference of the two; the occurrences after; the things I have learned; and finally how the process of my critical thinking changed.Perceptual Process Definedâ€Å"Perceptual Process† is technically defined as â₠¬Å"the order of steps that commence with the surroundings or atmosphere and directs to our perception of a stimulus and an action as a reaction to the stimulus† (The.., n.d.).Perceptual Blocks Definedâ€Å"Perceptual Blocks†, however, include the following: 1) difficulty in isolating the problem; 2) inclination or possibility to draw up the boundaries of the dilemma too closely; 3) failure to see the predicament from an assortment of perspectives; 4) seeing or bearing in mind what you look forward to to see (stereotyping); 5) saturation; and last but not least 6) failure to make the most of all sensory contributions (Perceptual.., n.d.).Critical Thinking DefinedLast but not least, â€Å"Critical Thinking† is defined as â€Å"the mental procedure of analyzing, scrutinizing, or evaluating statements or propositions that people have offered as true† (Wikipedia, 2007). It also entails â€Å"reflecting on the denotation of assertions, exploration of reasoning, as well as, developing judgments based on the truth† (Wikipedia, 2007).Instance in My Life Where My Perception of the Reality Situation was Far From the Actual RealityThere was a time when I was torn between two jobs that I believe I would love to make a career of or focus on. It actually began when, fortunately, I have been accepted to become a part of a certain research/consultancy firm. I extremely wanted to do research but I have also been promoted at my mother’s bakeshop, from just being one of the helpers running errands for her, I was given the opportunity to become one of the cake designers. This has been exceedingly agonizing and excruciating on my part.So what I primarily did was to request for the Human Resources Department of the bakeshop, as well as, that of the consultancy firm, if I may be given a week more before I finally sign the contract. This move of mine would buy me some time to rethink things over, sort everything out, and finally come up with a sound decision. Auspiciously for me, both the representatives of the Human Resources Department agreed to what I have asked.I took advantage of the time provided to me and thought of a decision-making model that I could bring into play to be able to guide me through (Perceptual.., n.d.). Since critical thinking should be involved in the crucial decision that I have to make, I resorted to the four-step sequence decision-making model technically referred to as the rational model (Decision.., n.d.). The four steps referred to include the following:1) Recognition and identification of the quandary, wherein I had to accept and recognize that in spite of the happiness I felt when I was picked by the consultancy firm, as well as, when I was promoted as a cake designer in the bakeshop, it is not at all easy to sacrifice or relinquish one for the other (Decision.., n.d.).   I cannot just leave my responsibilities at the bakeshop, where I have worked for seven years already (Decision.., n.d .).   I cannot just repudiate the promotion that I am worthy of for the perseverance, dedication, and passion that I exhibited (Decision.., n.d.). On the other hand, I cannot just say no to the consultancy firm, which I passed an excruciating interview, as well as, examination from and which I am so grateful of (Decision.., n.d.).2) Bringing into being alternative solutions, for instance, when I contemplated that maybe it is achievable or doable to keep both jobs and that it is possible not to pick one over the other (Decision.., n.d.).3) Selection of solution, wherein I considered that since consultancy may actually be taken home, and the bakeshop is very near my home and that I can be on-call, I chose to accept the promotion and took the job offered by the consultancy firm, as well (Decision.., n.d.).4) Execution and assessment of the solution, wherein, immediately after such critical thinking, I made up my mind, I signed the contract the consultancy firm gave (Decision.., n.d.) . Then I also assumed the cake designer position in the bakeshop (Decision.., n.d.).EtceteraComing from the personal occurrence detailed above, the instance in my life where my perception of the reality situation was far from the actual reality is the fact that I optimistically saw that I could manage two full-time jobs at the same time (Perceptual.., n.d.).I am extremely hopeful and confident during that time that I actually thought or focused only on the opportunities that were presented to me, all ready to be taken hold of (Perceptual.., n.d.). The setback is that things turned out not the way they seemed, those opportunities were not just chances; they are also challenges and excruciating choices that I have to think about before making any decision, much less taking on both jobs (Perceptual.., n.d.). This is the part where some of the â€Å"perceptual blocks† presented itself (Perceptual.., n.d.).   First of all, I had difficulty in isolating the problem (Perceptual.., n.d.).Secondly, I also was not able to see the problem from certain viewpoints, in fact I just saw the good side of it, and I did not entertain the other aspects or the negative side (Perceptual.., n.d.). Last but not least, I also experienced stereotyping, I only saw what I anticipated or expected to see and this is the fact that those two jobs are opportunities (big ones) to me (Perceptual.., n.d.).There was a difference between what I saw and what was really going on because of the â€Å"perceptual blocks† (Perceptual.., n.d.).   Unfortunately, what happened to me was I ended up making the incorrect assessment and decision even if I thought I already applied the best critical thinking model there is (Perceptual.., n.d.).It is fortunate, however, that I learned: more about critical thinking; that it is imperative to evaluate logically everything before making a decision since things are not really the way they seemed to be; that there are perceptual blocks that needed to be considered before finalizing any notion and position that I have; and last but not least, that it altered the critical thinking process that I usually carry out because of the perceptions that presented itself in the personal experience that I went through (Perceptual.., n.d.).ReferencesThe Perceptual Process. (n.d.). Retrieved April 24, 2007 fromhttp://www.csun.edu/~vcoao0el/de361/de361s101_folder/tsld003.htmWikipedia. (2007). Critical Thinking. Retrieved April 24, 2007 fromhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_thinking Nature of logic and perception This paper entitled â€Å"Nature of Logic and Perception† intends to carry out the following:First of all, to reintroduce the following psychological concepts or terminologies by explaining the nature of logic as it relates to critical thinking and how I personally understood it.Second is to outline my own perceptual process.Third is to describe the types of perceptual blocks that influence my views.The fourth is to explain the critical thinking process and how it is altered by perception.Last but not least is to: recognize an instance in my life where my perception of the reality situation was far from the actual reality; to tell what I believe is actually occurring; to state what is really happening; to indicate the difference of the two; the occurrences after; the things I have learned; and finally how the process of my critical thinking changed.Perceptual Process Definedâ€Å"Perceptual Process† is technically defined as â€Å"the order of steps that commence with the surroundings or atmosphere and directs to our perception of a stimulus and an action as a reaction to the stimulus† (The.., n.d.).Perceptual Blocks Defined  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Perceptual Blocks†, however, include the following: 1) difficulty in isolating the problem; 2) inclination or possibility to draw up the boundaries of the dilemma too closely; 3) failure to see the predicament from an assortment of perspectives; 4) seeing or bearing in mind what you look forward to to see (stereotyping); 5) saturation; and last but not least 6) failure to make the most of all sensory contributions (Perceptual.., n.d.).Critical Thinking DefinedLast but not least, â€Å"Critical Thinking† is defined as â€Å"the mental procedure of analyzing, scrutinizing, or evaluating statements or propositions that people have offered as true† (Wikipedia, 2007). It also entails â€Å"reflecting on the denotation of assertions, exploration of reasoning, as well as, developing judgments bas ed on the truth† (Wikipedia, 2007).Instance in My Life Where My Perception of the Reality Situation was Far From the Actual RealityThere was a time when I was torn between two jobs that I believe I would love to make a career of or focus on. It actually began when, fortunately, I have been accepted to become a part of a certain research/consultancy firm. I extremely wanted to do research but I have also been promoted at my mother’s bakeshop, from just being one of the helpers running errands for her, I was given the opportunity to become one of the cake designers. This has been exceedingly agonizing and excruciating on my part. So what I primarily did was to request for the Human Resources Department of the bakeshop, as well as, that of the consultancy firm, if I may be given a week more before I finally sign the contract. This move of mine would buy me some time to rethink things over, sort everything out, and finally come up with a sound decision. Auspiciously for me, both the representatives of the Human Resources Department agreed to what I have askedI took advantage of the time provided to me and thought of a decision-making model that I could bring into play to be able to guide me through (Perceptual.., n.d.). Since critical thinking should be involved in the crucial decision that I have to make, I resorted to the four-step sequence decision-making model technically referred to as the rational model (Decision.., n.d.). The four steps referred to include the following:1) Recognition and identification of the quandary, wherein I had to accept and recognize that in spite of the happiness I felt when I was picked by the consultancy firm, as well as, when I was promoted as a cake designer in the bakeshop, it is not at all easy to sacrifice or relinquish one for the other (Decision.., n.d.).   I cannot just leave my responsibilities at the bakeshop, where I have worked for seven years already (Decision.., n.d.).   I cannot just repudiate the p romotion that I am worthy of for the perseverance, dedication, and passion that I exhibited (Decision.., n.d.). On the other hand, I cannot just say no to the consultancy firm, which I passed an excruciating interview, as well as, examination from and which I am so grateful of (Decision.., n.d.).2) Bringing into being alternative solutions, for instance, when I contemplated that maybe it is achievable or doable to keep both jobs and that it is possible not to pick one over the other (Decision.., n.d.).3) Selection of solution, wherein I considered that since consultancy may actually be taken home, and the bakeshop is very near my home and that I can be on-call, I chose to accept the promotion and took the job offered by the consultancy firm, as well (Decision.., n.d.).4) Execution and assessment of the solution, wherein, immediately after such critical thinking, I made up my mind, I signed the contract the consultancy firm gave (Decision.., n.d.). Then I also assumed the cake design er position in the bakeshop (Decision.., n.d.).EtceteraComing from the personal occurrence detailed above, the instance in my life where my perception of the reality situation was far from the actual reality is the fact that I optimistically saw that I could manage two full-time jobs at the same time (Perceptual.., n.d.).I am extremely hopeful and confident during that time that I actually thought or focused only on the opportunities that were presented to me, all ready to be taken hold of (Perceptual.., n.d.). The setback is that things turned out not the way they seemed, those opportunities were not just chances; they are also challenges and excruciating choices that I have to think about before making any decision, much less taking on both jobs (Perceptual.., n.d.). This is the part where some of the â€Å"perceptual blocks† presented itself (Perceptual.., n.d.).   First of all, I had difficulty in isolating the problem (Perceptual.., n.d.).Secondly, I also was not able to see the problem from certain viewpoints, in fact I just saw the good side of it, and I did not entertain the other aspects or the negative side (Perceptual.., n.d.). Last but not least, I also experienced stereotyping, I only saw what I anticipated or expected to see and this is the fact that those two jobs are opportunities (big ones) to me (Perceptual.., n.d.).There was a difference between what I saw and what was really going on because of the â€Å"perceptual blocks† (Perceptual.., n.d.).   Unfortunately, what happened to me was I ended up making the incorrect assessment and decision even if I thought I already applied the best critical thinking model there is (Perceptual.., n.d.).It is fortunate, however, that I learned: more about critical thinking; that it is imperative to evaluate logically everything before making a decision since things are not really the way they seemed to be; that there are perceptual blocks that needed to be considered before finalizing any notion and position that I have; and last but not least, that it altered the critical thinking process that I usually carry out because of the perceptions that presented itself in the personal experience that I went through (Perceptual.., n.d.).ReferencesPerceptual Blocks. (n.d.). Retrieved April 24, 2007 fromhttp://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/rest-just/ch4/cul&div.htmlThe Perceptual Process. (n.d.). Retrieved April 24, 2007 fromhttp://www.csun.edu/~vcoao0el/de361/de361s101_folder/tsld003.htmWikipedia. (2007). Critical Thinking. Retrieved April 24, 2007 fromhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_thinking

Natural Health Beauty Tips

With the many beauty products available in the market, it is often difficult to decide which one is the best for us; however, these products are quite expensive and take a lot of effort and time to apply each day. The best way to be beautiful is the natural way; drink at least 8 glasses of water everyday, it hydrates our body and our skin. Eat green leafy vegetables that are rich in antioxidants to help you achieve that glowing skin.Always drink two glasses of milk everyday, it has the calcium and vitamins that gives your hair and nails that extra shine and gives you energy throughout the day, as well as help in maintaining your weight.Sleep at least 8 hours a day, when we sleep, our bodies renew itself and no matter how beautiful we are, lack of sleep makes us look old and fatigued. Do not drink too much alcohol and do not smoke, these two vices hastens our bodies aging and can dry up the skin. Steps to a Pedicure Tired of going to the parlor and paying for expensive pedicures? Here are simple steps to get that clean and healthy looking nails. First, prepare everything you need, nail brush, nail file, nail cutter, nail buffer and a wooden tip and cuticle softening solution.Lather your nails with softening solution and gently push the cuticles back. Do not cut them; this is best left to the experts. Then brush each nail paying attention to the sides and the base of the nail. Rinse with water and then dry each nail with a towel. Cut your nails according to your preference and then file the tips to smoothen the edges. Finally, buff each nail with the buffer to give it that healthy looking shine. Beat dry skin the Natural Way Dry skin is embarrassing and painful; do you want to know how to make your skin supple and soft to the touch the natural way?Follow these steps and you will see results almost immediately. First stay away from extreme temperatures, too hot and too cold whether it be at home, under the sun, or when taking a shower. Then make sure that you appl y petroleum jelly to the driest part of the skin or those that have cracked especially the heels, do this daily. Now to give that extra boost to your skin, after a shower, put on body oil all over your skin paying attention to the elbows and knees, then wear a cotton sweater and pajama and socks to lock in the moisture and sleep in it overnight. In the morning your skin will feel soft to the touch.As always, drink vitamin c, drink plenty of water and get your beauty sleep. 5 Tips for Radiant Skin Moisturize your skin by using an intensive body lotion, apply it right after taking a shower when your skin is still wet and dewy, this will lock more moisture in. Use a powerful sunblock whenever you are going outdoors and stay away from the sun between 10 in the morning to 3 in the afternoon. Drink vitamin E, it nourishes your skin from the inside. Get a body scrub once a week to revitalize and rejuvenate your skin cells, and never use harsh and very fragrant soaps as these can irritate y our skin, making it dull and dry.Tips for Perfect Lips Everyone wants to have the Angelina Jolie lips and keeping your lips plump and pink with health is easy. First exfoliate your lips, get a soft toothbrush and dip it in cold water, then gently rub it on your lips. Then pat your lips dry and apply a generous amount of lip balm, use you fingers as it is absorbed more by your lips. Then line your lips with a lip liner that is a lighter shade than your lipstick, this would keep your lipstick from bleeding. Apply your lipstick with a lip brush starting from the center to the sides.Then for long lasting lipsticks, dab a little powder on your lips and apply a lighter coat of lipstick and top it off with a lip shiner. Tips to look Younger The secret to looking younger is to laugh and have a positive disposition. If you are happy, and do not worry so much about the difficulties of life, then you surely would look younger than your age. Learn how to manage your stress, use it to motivate y ou to work on the things that you can and graciously accept the things you cannot. If you have graying hairs, color your hair, you don’t have to be stuck with the same color for the rest of your life, experiment and have fun.Regularly have your physical check-up, in that way you know what is going on with your body and any illness can speed up the aging process. Don’t believe older people when they say they can’t wear something because it’s not for their age. Be adventurous, wear something that hides your age and make you feel younger. Take care of your skin and stay away from unhealthy habits like smoking and drinking too much alcohol. Remove dark circles under eyes Dark circles under the eyes can be bothersome and indicates lack of sleep and tiredness.To remove dark circles, get an ice cube and on a freshly washed face dab the ice cubes on the dark circles, this will instantly increase the blood circulation. You can also get an eye cream and massage it in the dark circles working your way from the inside to the outside. Another way would be to get two tea bags and place it in the refrigerator until cold to the touch. Close your eyes and place it on the dark circle for 30 minutes, at the same time get that much needed sleep. Or if everything else fails, you can put on a concealer and apply it on the dark circles then cover it with foundation and apply makeup. Fade those FrecklesFreckles often occur when the skin is exposed to too much sunlight, unfortunately once freckles appear it is very difficult to completely erase it. One can however at least make the freckles fade and can be masked with makeup to get that flawless skin. Use a whitening soap, and pay attention to the freckles whenever taking a bath. Then slather on whitening lotion and apply a generous amount of sun block in the affected areas. Refrain from wearing shirts or dresses that would expose the freckles to the sun. Finally, stay away from direct sunlight and have a p rotective covering whenever going outside may it be an umbrella, a coat or a hat.Look after your Pores Large pores are unsightly and are more prone to acne and pimples. To care for your pores always use lukewarm water when washing your face as it opens the pores and releases the dirt lodged in it. Use cold water as a final rinse when washing the face as it closes the pores and hence dust and impurities would have difficulty getting into the pores. When you have blackheads and or pimples, do not attempt to pinch it to get the dirt out, instead wait until the pores itself releases the black head and then dab an ice cube on the affected part to zap the pore.Do not use too harsh and scented facial scrubs as well as use it only twice a week not everyday as it can make the pores look dull and larger. Makeup tips for eyes lips and face When applying make up, less is more. Start with a concealer for those unsightly zits, pores, or dark circles. Then use a foundation that is the same skin co lor as you are. Apply it is wet sponge using upward strokes; you can also use the gel type and apply it with your fingers blending it in with the concealer. Then work on the eyes, apply eye liner to the eye lids, a darker line are more dramatic, a lighter line is more casual and laid back.Apply eye shadow on the folds of the eyes, using two colors, the darker one is applied on the base of the fold and the lighter one on top, make sure to blend it and use color that would accentuate the eyes and compliment her over-all look. Then apply blush on to the cheeks using upward motion to put color on the cheeks, blend it in with the foundation so that the make up will be seamless. Then apply lip liner and lipstick, the shade should tie up the desired over-all look. For a pouty lip, apply lipstick from the center to the sides, add a lip shiner to enhance the lip color.

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IAE_Principles_Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

IAE_Principles_Practices - Essay Example In some cases, children are vulnerable to certain adverts by virtue of being immature. Therefore, the advertisers must tailor their message in such a way that it does not negatively impact on this vulnerable group. 2. Principle 4 has been often ignored by advertisers which state that advertisers should disclose all material conditions such as receipt of payment of free product as well as identity of endorsers among other issues. In most cases, the advertisers are not at liberty to disclose this information in some of their adverts. 3. The comment on principle 7 is overstated. Whilst it is important for all advertising agents to abide by the federal law, the bottom line is that there is a regulatory body that oversees the operations of all these agencies. This body has a code of professional conduct and ethics that guides the operations of all the advertising agents. In other words, this body at law is responsible for administering the law to its members so that they conform to the expected standards. However, principle 5 is well articulated. Children should be protected from gullible advertisers since this group is comprised of vulnerable people. 4. I agree with the author who states that some adverts are distorted particularly those targeting children. Like the example given, the advert about the confectionary product is directly the opposite of what it claims. It can be seen that the advertisers are concerned about their profit oriented goals at the expense of the targeted consumers who are children. As noted, children may not be able to make meaningful decisions on their own by virtue of their young

Realist Theories of IR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Realist Theories of IR - Essay Example The strong point of this view is the accommodation of the element of conflict that exists even within an individual. Human nature is constantly waging war against itself with the desires of a person mostly conflicting with outside influences such as learning. A political realist is holistic in thought because of the acknowledgement of the existence and relevance of standards other than the political ones. The political realist refutes the â€Å"legalistic moralistic approach† to international politics and cannot subordinate standards of other schools of thought to those of politics. The realists vehemently defend the autonomy of the political sphere against its subversion by other modes of thought without disregarding their existence and importance (Morgenthau 14). Kenneth Waltz also had a realist perspective to international relations which he called neorealism or structural or defensive realism. This theorist used the turmoil inherent in international relations to restrict the global â€Å"net† to its classical international component (Waltz 29). From the neorealist approach examination of the structures of international systems is the best way to understand international politics. The structures of the international system are reflected alliances and other cooperative arrangements between nations (Mearsheimer 32). The polarity of the system becomes the key factor in international relations; and depending on the number of dominant superpowers, a system might be unipolar bipolar or multipolar. John Measheimer took a different view which he referred to as â€Å"offensive realism†. Measheimer’s perspective follows on the principles of Kenneth Waltz’s theory to utilize the â€Å"structure† of the international system to derive the behavior of states (Mearsheimer 25). The theoretical foundation of Measheimer outlines that: the international system in anarchic, all